Physical examination maneuver

Physical Exam

Ankle-brachial Index

also known as Ankle-brachial pressure index; ankle-arm index
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Video coming September 2026

How to Perform

With the patient resting supine for about 10 minutes, measure the systolic blood pressure in both arms and at both ankles using a blood-pressure cuff and handheld Doppler. In each arm, place the cuff around the upper arm and position the Doppler probe over the brachial artery. Inflate the cuff until the Doppler signal disappears, then slowly deflate it and record the pressure when the signal first returns.

At each ankle, place the cuff just above the malleoli. Locate the dorsalis pedis artery with the Doppler and measure its systolic pressure in the same way. Then locate the posterior tibial artery and measure its systolic pressure. Repeat on the opposite ankle.

For each leg, divide the higher of its dorsalis pedis and posterior tibial systolic pressures by the higher of the two arm systolic pressures to obtain the ankle-brachial index.

How to Interpret

Showing 2 of 4 findings

Medial Arterial Calcification

ABI >1.40
Rule in
Not helpfulDerived CI
Rule out
Not helpfulDerived CI
Evidence:Limited

Peripheral Artery Disease

ABI ≤0.90
Rule in
Somewhat helpful
Rule out
Somewhat helpful
Evidence:Limited

References

  • Xu D, Zou L, Xing Y, Hou L, Wei Y, Zhang J, Qiao Y, Hu D, Xu Y, Li J, Ma Y. Diagnostic value of ankle-brachial index in peripheral arterial disease: a meta-analysis. Can J Cardiol. 2013;29(4):492-498. doi:10.1016/j.cjca.2012.06.014. PMID: 22926041.
  • Ix JH, Miller RG, Criqui MH, Orchard TJ. Test characteristics of the ankle-brachial index and ankle-brachial difference for medial arterial calcification on X-ray in type 1 diabetes. J Vasc Surg. 2012;56(3):721-727. doi:10.1016/j.jvs.2012.02.042. PMID: 22560306. PMC3415559.
  • Winsor T. Influence of arterial disease on the systolic blood pressure gradients of the extremity. Am J Med Sci. 1950;220(2):117-126.

Research last updated September 10, 2026.