Physical examination maneuver

Physical Exam

Ankle Dorsiflexion-external Rotation Test

also known as Kleiger test
🎬
Video coming September 2026

How to Perform

With the patient seated, stabilize the lower leg with one hand and grasp the foot with the other. Dorsiflex the ankle, then externally rotate the foot relative to the lower leg. A positive test is pain over the distal tibiofibular syndesmosis.

How to Interpret

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References

  • Netterström-Wedin F, Bleakley C. Diagnostic accuracy of clinical tests assessing ligamentous injury of the ankle syndesmosis: a systematic review with meta-analysis. Phys Ther Sport. 2021 May;49:214-226. doi:10.1016/j.ptsp.2021.03.005. PMID: 33774464.
  • Kleiger B. The mechanism of ankle injuries. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1956;38-A(1):59-70.

Research last updated September 10, 2026.

Related Diagnoses

Ankle Syndesmosis Injury

Related Systems / Regions

Lower ExtremitiesMusculoskeletal

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