Physical examination maneuver

Physical Exam

Blood Pressure

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Video coming September 2026

How to Perform

Have the patient sit quietly for about 5 minutes with the back supported, legs uncrossed, and feet flat; bare the upper arm and support it at heart level. Choose an appropriately-sized blood pressure cuff and wrap it around the upper arm with the artery marker centered over the brachial artery. Place the stethoscope in your ears, palpate the brachial or radial pulse while inflating the cuff, and inflate to about 30 mmHg above the point where the pulse disappears. Place the stethoscope over the brachial artery and deflate slowly (about 2–3 mmHg per second). Record the pressure at which the repetitive tapping sounds (Korotkoff sounds) first become audible as the systolic pressure and the pressure at which the sounds disappear as the diastolic pressure.

How to Interpret

Showing 18 of 43 findings

Acute Aortic Dissection

Inter-arm systolic blood pressure differential ≥10 mm Hg measured
Rule in
HelpfulDerived CI
Rule out
Somewhat helpfulDerived CI
Evidence:Limited
Pulse deficit detected during four-limb blood pressure measurement
Rule in
Somewhat helpful
Rule out
Not helpful
Evidence:Strong
Systolic blood pressure <90 mm Hg
Rule in
Somewhat helpful
Rule out
Not helpful
Evidence:Strong
Systolic blood pressure <100 mm Hg in a patient with acute aortic dissection
Rule in
HelpfulDerived CI
Rule out
Not helpfulDerived CI
Evidence:Limited

Aortic Regurgitation

Wide pulse pressure (>50 mm Hg) in a patient with chronic aortic regurgitation
Rule in
Not helpfulWide CI
Rule out
Not helpfulWide CI
Evidence:Limited

Cardiac Tamponade

Pulsus paradoxus (>10 mm Hg)
Rule in
Somewhat helpful
Rule out
Very helpful
Evidence:Limited

Decompensation

Diastolic blood pressure ≤54 mm Hg in a patient with acute severe aortic regurgitation from infective endocarditis
Rule in
Somewhat helpfulDerived CI
Rule out
Minimally helpfulDerived CI
Evidence:Limited
Diastolic blood pressure ≥63 mm Hg in a patient with acute severe aortic regurgitation from infective endocarditis
Rule in
Minimally helpfulDerived CI
Rule out
Somewhat helpfulDerived CI
Evidence:Limited

Hypertension

Elevated office blood pressure
Rule in
Somewhat helpful
Rule out
Minimally helpful
Evidence:Strong

Hypovolemia

Postural pulse increment of at least 30 bpm or severe postural dizziness, detecting significant blood loss
Rule in
Very helpfulDerived CI
Rule out
Very helpfulNo CI
Evidence:Limited

Low Cardiac Output

Proportional pulse pressure ≤25% in a patient with chronic heart failure, detecting a cardiac index of 2.2 L/min/m2 or less
Rule in
HelpfulDerived CI
Rule out
HelpfulDerived CI
Evidence:Limited

Mortality

Systolic blood pressure <90 mm Hg in an emergency department patient with acute illness
Rule in
Very helpful
Rule out
Not helpful
Evidence:Limited

Necrotizing Soft-tissue Infection

Systolic blood pressure <90 mm Hg, detecting necrotizing infection
Rule in
Helpful
Rule out
Not helpful
Evidence:Strong

Serious Adverse Event

Systolic blood pressure ≤90 mm Hg in a hospitalized ward patient
Rule in
Somewhat helpfulNo CI
Rule out
Not helpfulNo CI
Evidence:Limited
Low systolic blood pressure at presentation in a patient with syncope
Rule in
Somewhat helpful
Rule out
Not helpful
Evidence:Strong

Stroke

Systolic blood pressure >220 mm Hg
Rule in
Somewhat helpfulDerived CI
Rule out
Not helpfulDerived CI
Evidence:Limited

Structural Brain Lesion

Systolic blood pressure ≥160 mm Hg in a patient with impaired consciousness
Rule in
Very helpfulDerived CI
Rule out
Somewhat helpfulDerived CI
Evidence:Limited

Subclavian Artery Stenosis

Persistent inter-arm systolic blood pressure difference ≥10 mm Hg measured
Rule in
HelpfulDerived CI
Rule out
Somewhat helpfulDerived CI
Evidence:Limited

References

Research in progress on one or more findings above; ratings may change.

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Research last updated September 10, 2026.