Physical examination maneuver

Physical Exam

Hip Strength

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How to Perform

With the patient seated, test hip strength against resistance in flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, and internal and external rotation. For each movement, compare both sides before moving to the next. Grade strength and note any pain or give-way weakness.

How to Interpret

Showing 9 of 14 findings

Cushing Syndrome

Proximal muscle weakness
Rule in
Somewhat helpfulDerived CI
Rule out
Not helpfulDerived CI
Evidence:Moderate

Functional Neurologic Disease

Give-way (collapsing) weakness on resisted strength testing
Rule in
Very helpfulNo CI
Rule out
Somewhat helpfulNo CI
Evidence:Moderate

Gluteal Tendinopathy

Lateral hip pain reproduced on the resisted external-derotation test
Rule in
Very helpfulDerived CI
Rule out
HelpfulDerived CI
Evidence:ModerateResearch in progress
Lateral hip pain (with or without weakness) reproduced on resisted hip abduction
Rule in
InconclusiveWide CI
Rule out
Somewhat helpful
Evidence:ModerateResearch in progress

Hip Osteoarthritis

Active hip extension causes hip pain
Rule in
Somewhat helpfulWide CI
Rule out
Minimally helpful
Evidence:Moderate
Active hip flexion causes lateral hip pain
Rule in
Somewhat helpful
Rule out
Minimally helpful
Evidence:Moderate

Lumbosacral Plexopathy

Unilateral hip and leg weakness
Rule in
Somewhat helpfulDerived CI
Rule out
Somewhat helpfulDerived CI
Evidence:Moderate
Bilateral hip and leg weakness
Rule in
HelpfulDerived CI
Rule out
Somewhat helpfulDerived CI
Evidence:Moderate

Lumbosacral Radiculopathy

Hip abductor weakness in a patient with foot drop
Rule in
Very helpfulDerived CI
Rule out
HelpfulDerived CI
Evidence:Moderate

References

Research in progress on one or more findings above; ratings may change.

  • Reiman MP, Goode AP, Hegedus EJ, Cook CE, Wright AA. Diagnostic accuracy of clinical tests of the hip: a systematic review with meta-analysis. Br J Sports Med. 2013;47(14):893-902. doi:10.1136/bjsports-2012-091035. PMID 22773321.
  • Lequesne M, Mathieu P, Vuillemin-Bodaghi V, Bard H, Djian P. Gluteal tendinopathy in refractory greater trochanter pain syndrome: diagnostic value of two clinical tests. Arthritis Rheum (Arthritis Care Res). 2008 Feb 15;59(2):241-246. doi:10.1002/art.23354. PMID 18240186.
  • Al Nezari NH, Schneiders AG, Hendrick PA. Neurological examination of the peripheral nervous system to diagnose lumbar spinal disc herniation with suspected radiculopathy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Spine J. 2013 Jun;13(6):657-674. doi:10.1016/j.spinee.2013.02.007. PMID 23499340.
  • Bohan A, Peter JB. Polymyositis and dermatomyositis (first of two parts). N Engl J Med. 1975 Feb 13;292(7):344-347. doi:10.1056/NEJM197502132920706. PMID 1090839. (Second of two parts: N Engl J Med. 1975 Feb 20;292(8):403-407. doi:10.1056/NEJM197502202920807. PMID 1089199.)
  • Hölmich P, Hölmich LR, Bjerg AM. Clinical examination of athletes with groin pain: an intraobserver and interobserver reliability study. Br J Sports Med. 2004 Aug;38(4):446-451. doi:10.1136/bjsm.2003.004754. PMID 15273182.
  • Sutlive TG, Lopez HP, Schnitker DE, et al. Development of a clinical prediction rule for diagnosing hip osteoarthritis in individuals with unilateral hip pain. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2008;38(9):542-550. PMID: 18758047.
  • Thomas JE, Cascino TL, Earle JD. Differential diagnosis between radiation and tumor plexopathy of the pelvis. Neurology. 1985;35(1):1-7. PMID: 2981416.
  • Parasiliti-Caprino M, Bioletto F, Frigerio T, et al. A New Clinical Model to Estimate the Pre-Test Probability of Cushing's Syndrome: The Cushing Score. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2021;12:747549. doi:10.3389/fendo.2021.747549. PMID: 34675882. PMC8524092 (open access).
  • Jeon CH, Chung NS, Lee YS, Son KH, Kim JH. Assessment of hip abductor power in patients with foot drop: a simple and useful test to differentiate lumbar radiculopathy and peroneal neuropathy. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2013;38(3):257-263. PMID: 22805342.
  • Suri P, Rainville J, Katz JN, Jouve C, Hartigan C, Limke J, Pena E, Li L, Swaim B, Hunter DJ. The accuracy of the physical examination for the diagnosis of midlumbar and low lumbar nerve root impingement. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2011;36(1):63-73. doi:10.1097/BRS.0b013e3181c953cc. PMID: 20543768.
  • Daum C, Hubschmid M, Aybek S. The value of 'positive' clinical signs for weakness, sensory and gait disorders in conversion disorder: a systematic and narrative review. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2014 Feb;85(2):180-190. doi:10.1136/jnnp-2012-304607. PMID 23467417.
  • Bickley LS, Szilagyi PG, Hoffman RM, Soriano RP. Bates' Guide to Physical Examination and History Taking. 13th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Wolters Kluwer; 2021.
  • Swartz MH. Textbook of Physical Diagnosis: History and Examination. 9th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2025.

Research last updated September 10, 2026.