Knee Active Range of Motion

References

Research in progress on one or more findings above; ratings may change.

• Solomon DH, Simel DL, Bates DW, Katz JN, Schaffer JL. The rational clinical examination. Does this patient have a torn meniscus or ligament of the knee? Value of the physical examination. JAMA. 2001;286(13):1610-1620. doi:10.1001/jama.286.13.1610. PMID: 11585485.
• Fowler PJ, Lubliner JA. The predictive value of five clinical signs in the evaluation of meniscal pathology. Arthroscopy. 1989;5(3):184-186. doi:10.1016/0749-8063(89)90168-0. PMID: 2775390.
• Stiell IG, Greenberg GH, Wells GA, et al. Prospective validation of a decision rule for the use of radiography in acute knee injuries. JAMA. 1996;275(8):611-615. PMID: 8594242. (Derivation: Ann Emerg Med. 1995;26(4):405-413. PMID: 7574120.)
• Deepak S, Priti G, Zishu T, Chetan P. The sitting active and prone passive lag test: a validity study in a symptomatic knee population. J Phys Ther Sci. 2023;35(5):312-319. doi:10.1589/jpts.35.312. PMID: 37131358. PMC10149295.
• Kastelein M, Luijsterburg PAJ, Wagemakers HPA, Bansraj SCS, Berger MY, Koes BW, Bierma-Zeinstra SMA. Diagnostic value of history taking and physical examination to assess effusion of the knee in traumatic knee patients in general practice. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2009;90(1):82-86. doi:10.1016/j.apmr.2008.06.027. PMID: 19154833.
• Bickley LS, Szilagyi PG, Hoffman RM, Soriano RP. Bates' Guide to Physical Examination and History Taking. 13th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Wolters Kluwer; 2021.
• Swartz MH. Textbook of Physical Diagnosis: History and Examination. 9th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2025.

Research last updated September 10, 2026.