Knee Strength

References

Research in progress on one or more findings above; ratings may change.

• Bertilson BC, Brosjö E, Billing H, Strender LE. Assessment of nerve involvement in the lumbar spine: agreement between magnetic resonance imaging, physical examination and pain drawing findings. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2010;11:202. doi:10.1186/1471-2474-11-202. PMID: 20831785.
• Al Nezari NH, Schneiders AG, Hendrick PA. Neurological examination of the peripheral nervous system to diagnose lumbar spinal disc herniation with suspected radiculopathy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Spine J. 2013 Jun;13(6):657-674. doi:10.1016/j.spinee.2013.02.007. PMID 23499340.
• Boutefnouchet T. The Fixed Patella Test: a reliable and accurate test for detecting quadriceps tendon rupture. Cureus. 2025;17(10):e93717. doi:10.7759/cureus.93717. PMID: 41181756. (Closest candidate; studied a different sign.)
• Stone J, Warlow C, Sharpe M. The symptom of functional weakness: a controlled study of 107 patients. Brain. 2010 May;133(Pt 5):1537-1551. doi:10.1093/brain/awq068. PMID 20395262.
• Bickley LS, Szilagyi PG, Hoffman RM, Soriano RP. Bates' Guide to Physical Examination and History Taking. 13th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Wolters Kluwer; 2021.
• Swartz MH. Textbook of Physical Diagnosis: History and Examination. 9th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2025.

Research last updated September 10, 2026.