Physical examination maneuver

Physical Exam

Pelvic Bimanual Exam

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Video coming September 2026

How to Perform

With the patient in the dorsal lithotomy position, appropriately draped, and with the bladder empty, insert the lubricated gloved index and middle fingers of one hand into the vagina while placing the other hand on the lower abdomen. Palpate the cervix and assess its consistency, mobility, and tenderness with motion. Elevate the cervix and uterus with the vaginal fingers while pressing downward with the abdominal hand to palpate the uterus between the two hands and assess its size, position, contour, mobility, and tenderness. Then move the vaginal fingers into each lateral fornix while the abdominal hand presses downward over the corresponding lower quadrant to palpate each adnexa for masses or tenderness.

How to Interpret

Showing 3 of 13 findings

Ovarian Cancer

Adnexal abnormality in an asymptomatic woman
Rule in
Very helpful
Rule out
Minimally helpful
Evidence:Limited

Pelvic Inflammatory Disease

Cervical motion tenderness (chandelier sign)
Rule in
Minimally helpfulDerived CI
Rule out
Minimally helpfulDerived CI
Evidence:Strong
Adnexal tenderness
Rule in
Not helpful
Rule out
InconclusiveWide CI
Evidence:Strong

References

Research in progress on one or more findings above; ratings may change.

  • Ebell MH, Culp M, Lastinger K, Dasigi T. A systematic review of the bimanual examination as a test for ovarian cancer. Am J Prev Med. 2015;48(3):350-356. doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2014.10.007. PMID: 25595604.
  • Iwata H, Sugiyama Y, Satoi Y, Sasamoto N, Aoki T, Matsushima M. Diagnostic accuracy of pelvic examination in pelvic inflammatory disease: A meta-analysis. J Gen Fam Med. 2022;23(6):384-392. doi:10.1002/jgf2.572. PMID: 36349207. PMCID: PMC9634114.
  • Padilla LA, Radosevich DM, Milad MP. Accuracy of the pelvic examination in detecting adnexal masses. Obstet Gynecol. 2000;96(4):593-598. doi:10.1016/s0029-7844(00)00997-x. PMID: 11004365.
  • Stoelinga B, Hehenkamp WJK, Brölmann HAM, Huirne JAF. The estimated volume of the fibroid uterus: a comparison of ultrasound and bimanual examination versus volume at MRI or hysterectomy. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2015;184:89-96. doi:10.1016/j.ejogrb.2014.11.009. PMID: 25481364.
  • Zhang X, He T, Shen W. Comparison of physical examination, ultrasound techniques and magnetic resonance imaging for the diagnosis of deep infiltrating endometriosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis of diagnostic accuracy studies. Exp Ther Med. 2020;20(4):3208-3220. doi:10.3892/etm.2020.9043. PMCID: PMC7444323.
  • Zhang X, He T, Shen W. Comparison of physical examination, ultrasound techniques and magnetic resonance imaging for the diagnosis of deep infiltrating endometriosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis of diagnostic accuracy studies. Exp Ther Med. 2020;20(4):3208-3220. doi:10.3892/etm.2020.9043. PMID: 32855690. PMCID: PMC7444323.
  • Bickley LS, Szilagyi PG, Hoffman RM, Soriano RP. Bates' Guide to Physical Examination and History Taking. 13th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Wolters Kluwer; 2021.
  • Swartz MH. Textbook of Physical Diagnosis: History and Examination. 9th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2025.

Research last updated September 10, 2026.