Physical Exam

Shoulder Apprehension Test

also known as Anterior apprehension test

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Video coming September 2026

How to Perform

With the patient supine or seated, abduct the shoulder to 90 degrees and flex the elbow to 90 degrees, then slowly and gently externally rotate the arm while supporting it. Watch the patient's face and response as external rotation increases. The positive result is the patient becoming apprehensive and resisting or guarding (a feeling that the shoulder is about to give way) as the arm reaches the apprehension position.

How to Interpret

Anterior Glenohumeral Instability

Apprehension (a sense the shoulder will dislocate) as the arm is abducted and externally rotated (positive apprehension test)

Rule in

Very helpful

Rule out

Somewhat helpful

Evidence:Strong

References

Hegedus EJ, Goode AP, Cook CE, Michener L, Myer CA, Myer DM, Wright AA. Which physical examination tests provide clinicians with the most value when examining the shoulder? Update of a systematic review with meta-analysis of individual tests. Br J Sports Med. 2012;46(14):964-978. PMID 22773322.
Rowe CR, Zarins B. Recurrent transient subluxation of the shoulder. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1981;63(6):863-872.