Physical examination maneuver

Physical Exam

Shoulder Palpation

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Video coming September 2026

How to Perform

Palpate the shoulder systematically, comparing sides. Feel the sternoclavicular joint, the clavicle, the acromioclavicular joint, the acromion, the coracoid process, the greater tuberosity, the bicipital groove, and the surrounding muscles. Note any tenderness, swelling, warmth, crepitus, or deformity at each site.

How to Interpret

Showing 2 of 3 findings

Acromioclavicular Joint Pathology

Tenderness on direct palpation over the acromioclavicular joint (the joint line at the lateral end of the clavicle, where it meets the acromion)
Rule in
Rule out
Somewhat helpful
Evidence:Limited

Biceps Tendinopathy

Tenderness on palpation over the bicipital groove (the long head of the biceps tendon on the front of the humerus, best localized with the arm in slight internal rotation)
Rule in
Minimally helpful
Rule out
Evidence:Limited

References

  • Walton J, Mahajan S, Paxinos A, Marshall J, Bryant C, Shnier R, Quinn R, Murrell GAC. Diagnostic values of tests for acromioclavicular joint pain. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2004 Apr;86(4):807-812. doi:10.2106/00004623-200404000-00021. PMID 15069148.
  • Jain NB, Luz J, Higgins LD, Dong Y, Warner JJP, Matzkin E, Katz JN. The diagnostic accuracy of special tests for rotator cuff tear: the ROW cohort study. Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 2017;96(3):176-183. PMID: 27386812.
  • Jain NB, Luz J, Higgins LD, Dong Y, Warner JJP, Matzkin E, Katz JN. The diagnostic accuracy of special tests for rotator cuff tear: the ROW cohort study. Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 2017 Mar;96(3):176-183. doi:10.1097/PHM.0000000000000566. PMID 27386812.
  • Bickley LS, Szilagyi PG, Hoffman RM, Soriano RP. Bates' Guide to Physical Examination and History Taking. 13th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Wolters Kluwer; 2021.
  • Swartz MH. Textbook of Physical Diagnosis: History and Examination. 9th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2025.