Physical Exam

Valgus Stress Test

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Video coming September 2026

How to Perform

With the patient supine, grasp the ankle with one hand and place the other hand on the lateral side of the knee. Apply a valgus stress by pushing the knee medially while pulling the ankle laterally, first with the knee in full extension and then with the knee flexed to about 30°. Compare both sides.

How to Interpret

Medial Collateral Ligament Injury of the Knee

Any Medial Collateral Ligament Injury of the Knee

Medial laxity (opening) on valgus stress at 30° of flexion

Rule in

Minimally helpfulDerived CI

Rule out

HelpfulDerived CI

Evidence:Limited

References

Kastelein M, Wagemakers HP, Luijsterburg PA, Verhaar JA, Koes BW, Bierma-Zeinstra SM. Assessing medial collateral ligament knee lesions in general practice. Am J Med. 2008 Nov;121(11):982-988.e2. doi:10.1016/j.amjmed.2008.05.041. PMID 18954845.
Kastelein M, Wagemakers HPA, Luijsterburg PAJ, Verhaar JAN, Koes BW, Bierma-Zeinstra SMA. Assessing medial collateral ligament knee lesions in general practice. Am J Med. 2008;121(11):982-988.e2. doi:10.1016/j.amjmed.2008.05.041. PMID: 18954845.
McGee S. Evidence-Based Physical Diagnosis. 6th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2025.

Research last updated September 10, 2026.