Physical examination maneuver

Physical Exam

Varus Stress Test

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Video coming September 2026

How to Perform

With the patient supine, grasp the ankle with one hand and place the other hand on the medial side of the knee. Apply a varus stress by pushing the knee laterally while pulling the ankle medially, first with the knee in full extension and then with the knee flexed to about 30°. Compare both sides.

How to Interpret

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References

  • Harilainen A. Evaluation of knee instability in acute ligamentous injuries. Ann Chir Gynaecol. 1987;76(5):269-273. PMID 3435000. Solomon DH, Simel DL, Bates DW, Katz JN, Schaffer JL. The rational clinical examination. Does this patient have a torn meniscus or ligament of the knee? JAMA. 2001;286(13):1610-1620. PMID 11585485.
  • Bickley LS, Szilagyi PG, Hoffman RM, Soriano RP. Bates' Guide to Physical Examination and History Taking. 13th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Wolters Kluwer; 2021.
  • Swartz MH. Textbook of Physical Diagnosis: History and Examination. 9th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2025.

Research last updated September 10, 2026.

Related Systems / Regions

Lower ExtremitiesMusculoskeletal

Related Bedside Tests

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McMurray Sign
aka McMurray test
Rule in:SHLateral Meniscus Tear, SHMedial Meniscus Tear
Rule out:SHLateral Meniscus Tear, SHMedial Meniscus Tear
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Rule in:IEExtensor Mechanism Disruption, IEKnee Effusion, IEKnee Fracture +2 more
Rule out:IEExtensor Mechanism Disruption, IEKnee Effusion, IEKnee Fracture +2 more
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Rule in:SHKnee Osteoarthritis, IEKnee Effusion, IELoose Body +2 more
Rule out:HKnee Osteoarthritis, IEKnee Effusion, IELoose Body +2 more
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Rule in:VHPosterior Cruciate Ligament Tear
Rule out:VHPosterior Cruciate Ligament Tear
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Rule out:VHAnterior Cruciate Ligament Tear